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Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a glycoprotein containing 174 amino acids and a molecular weight of about 20,000. It is mainly produced by monocytes and macrophages activated endotoxin, TNF-α and IFN-γ. The G-CSF gene is 2.5 kb in length, including 5 exons and 4 introns. G-CSF has 5 cysteine, and Cys 36 and Cys42, Cys74 and Cys64 form two disulfide bonds. Cys17 is an unpaired cysteine, and disulfide bonds are essential for maintaining the biological function of G-CSF.
G-CSF mainly acts on the proliferation, differentiation, and activation of neutrophil hematopoietic cells. Recombinant human granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) acts on hematopoietic progenitor cells to promote their proliferation and differentiation. Its important role is to stimulate the maturation of granulocytes and monocytes, promote the release of mature cells to peripheral blood, and promote multiple functions of macrophages and phagocytic cells.