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Interleukin-18 (IL-18) also known as interferon-gamma inducing factor. It belongs to the IL-1 superfamily and is produced mainly by macrophages but also other cell types, stimulates various cell types and has pleiotropic functions. IL-18 is similar to IL-1β for being processed by caspase 1 to an 18 kD biologically active mature form. IL-18 is able to induce severe inflammatory reactions, which suggests its role in certain inflammatory disorders. And there is evidence for a role of IL-18 in various infectious, metabolic or inflammatory diseases such as influenza virus infection, atheroma, myocardial infarction, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.