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IL-3 is a hematopoietic growth factor and is mainly produced by activated T cells. It can promote the proliferation of early hematopoietic progenitor cells. Besides, IL-3 can also promote the differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells together with erythropoietin granulocyte colony-stimulating factor(G-CFS), and macrophage colony-stimulating factor(M-CFS). It is important for the body's hematopoietic and immune regulatory functions. In addition, IL-3 can also participate in the development of the central nervous system, promote the proliferation and survival of neural precursor cells, then affect brain capacity. In the clinic, the combination of IL-3 with GM-CFS, G-CSF, M-CSF, or EPO after chemotherapy can appropriately stimulate the production of blood cells and platelets, which can rebuild bone marrow function when bone marrow suppression caused by chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Besides, the combination can also improve aplastic anemia. In diseases, IL-3 can also regulate eosinophils and other inflammatory cells, and it is the key factor to start and sustain asthma airway inflammation.