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Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), also known as colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1), is a lineage-specific cytokine. M-CSF is a dimeric glycoprotein formed by interchain disulfide bonds, which mainly exists in the bone marrow cavity and plays an important role in the proliferation, differentiation and maintenance of monocytes. Its receptor is CSF-1R. M-CSF mainly regulates the very early and late responses of cells in the G1 phase, and is a growth factor necessary for cell proliferation and differentiation.